A condominium owners' association arises by operation of law as soon as condominium ownership is established. Each owner holds individual ownership of their apartment and a share in the common property, such as stairwells, the roof, and outdoor areas. The association decides on management, maintenance, and modernization of common property at the owners' meeting. A professional property manager frequently handles the operational management. Since the 2020 reform of Germany's Condominium Act, owners have gained easier options to pass resolutions on energy-efficient renovation or electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Each owner pays a monthly service charge to cover ongoing costs and contribute to a maintenance reserve fund.